2 Samuel 20:21

Authorized King James Version

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The matter is not so: but a man of mount Ephraim, Sheba the son of Bichri by name, hath lifted up his hand against the king, even against David: deliver him only, and I will depart from the city. And the woman said unto Joab, Behold, his head shall be thrown to thee over the wall.

Original Language Analysis

לֹא H3808
לֹא
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 1 of 31
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
כֵ֣ן H3651
כֵ֣ן
Strong's: H3651
Word #: 2 of 31
properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction) rightly or so (in various applications to manner
הַדָּבָ֗ר The matter H1697
הַדָּבָ֗ר The matter
Strong's: H1697
Word #: 3 of 31
a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
כִּ֡י H3588
כִּ֡י
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 4 of 31
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
אִישׁ֩ is not so but a man H376
אִישׁ֩ is not so but a man
Strong's: H376
Word #: 5 of 31
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
מֵהַ֨ר of mount H2022
מֵהַ֨ר of mount
Strong's: H2022
Word #: 6 of 31
a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)
אֶפְרַ֜יִם Ephraim H669
אֶפְרַ֜יִם Ephraim
Strong's: H669
Word #: 7 of 31
ephrajim, a son of joseph; also the tribe descended from him, and its territory
שֶׁ֧בַע Sheba H7652
שֶׁ֧בַע Sheba
Strong's: H7652
Word #: 8 of 31
sheba, the name of a place in palestine, and of two israelites
בֶּן the son H1121
בֶּן the son
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 9 of 31
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
בִּכְרִ֣י of Bichri H1075
בִּכְרִ֣י of Bichri
Strong's: H1075
Word #: 10 of 31
bikri, an israelite
שְׁמ֗וֹ by name H8034
שְׁמ֗וֹ by name
Strong's: H8034
Word #: 11 of 31
an appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character
נָשָׂ֤א hath lifted up H5375
נָשָׂ֤א hath lifted up
Strong's: H5375
Word #: 12 of 31
to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative
יָדוֹ֙ his hand H3027
יָדוֹ֙ his hand
Strong's: H3027
Word #: 13 of 31
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v
בַּמֶּ֣לֶךְ against the king H4428
בַּמֶּ֣לֶךְ against the king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 14 of 31
a king
בְּדָוִ֔ד even against David H1732
בְּדָוִ֔ד even against David
Strong's: H1732
Word #: 15 of 31
david, the youngest son of jesse
תְּנֽוּ deliver H5414
תְּנֽוּ deliver
Strong's: H5414
Word #: 16 of 31
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
אֹת֣וֹ H853
אֹת֣וֹ
Strong's: H853
Word #: 17 of 31
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
לְבַדּ֔וֹ H905
לְבַדּ֔וֹ
Strong's: H905
Word #: 18 of 31
properly, separation; by implication, a part of the body, branch of a tree, bar for carrying; figuratively, chief of a city; especially (with preposit
וְאֵֽלְכָ֖ה H1980
וְאֵֽלְכָ֖ה
Strong's: H1980
Word #: 19 of 31
to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
מֵעַ֣ל H5921
מֵעַ֣ל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 20 of 31
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
הָעִ֑יר from the city H5892
הָעִ֑יר from the city
Strong's: H5892
Word #: 21 of 31
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
וַתֹּ֤אמֶר said H559
וַתֹּ֤אמֶר said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 22 of 31
to say (used with great latitude)
הָֽאִשָּׁה֙ And the woman H802
הָֽאִשָּׁה֙ And the woman
Strong's: H802
Word #: 23 of 31
a woman
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 24 of 31
near, with or among; often in general, to
יוֹאָ֔ב unto Joab H3097
יוֹאָ֔ב unto Joab
Strong's: H3097
Word #: 25 of 31
joab, the name of three israelites
הִנֵּ֥ה H2009
הִנֵּ֥ה
Strong's: H2009
Word #: 26 of 31
lo!
רֹאשׁ֛וֹ Behold his head H7218
רֹאשׁ֛וֹ Behold his head
Strong's: H7218
Word #: 27 of 31
the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itc.)
מֻשְׁלָ֥ךְ shall be thrown H7993
מֻשְׁלָ֥ךְ shall be thrown
Strong's: H7993
Word #: 28 of 31
to throw out, down or away (literally or figuratively)
אֵלֶ֖יךָ H413
אֵלֶ֖יךָ
Strong's: H413
Word #: 29 of 31
near, with or among; often in general, to
בְּעַ֥ד to thee over H1157
בְּעַ֥ד to thee over
Strong's: H1157
Word #: 30 of 31
in up to or over against; generally at, beside, among, behind, for, etc
הַֽחוֹמָֽה׃ the wall H2346
הַֽחוֹמָֽה׃ the wall
Strong's: H2346
Word #: 31 of 31
a wall of protection

Analysis & Commentary

The matter is not so: but a man of mount Ephraim, Sheba the son of Bichri by name, hath lifted up his hand against the king, even against David: deliver him only, and I will depart from the city. And the woman said unto Joab, Behold, his head shall be thrown to thee over the wall.

This verse contributes to the narrative of Sheba's Rebellion, emphasizing ongoing challenges to authority. Sheba's rebellion demonstrates that David's troubles continue despite Absalom's defeat. The wise woman's intervention prevents unnecessary bloodshed. Theological themes include ongoing resistance to God's appointed leader, the value of wisdom in crisis resolution, the danger of divisive rhetoric, and God's provision of unexpected solutions through unlikely people.

Historical Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 20 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding ongoing challenges to authority provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

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